Recombinant DNA technology

In the 1950s, DNA double helix structure was clear that opened a new chapter in the life sciences, opened up a new era of science and technology. Subsequently, the molecular mechanism of genetic - DNA replication, the genetic code, the genetic information of the central dogma, as the basic unit of genetic engineering and cell's genetic blueprint, as well as the regulation of gene expression have been recognized. So far, people have been fully aware of the fate of all living things is that it contains DNA and genes, biological evolution and life processes are different, because the DNA is the genetic and operation of the track due to a difference.
DNA know the important role and value of, first of all life scientists can think of certain human interests are closely related to the genetic aspects of the natural break the iron rule of asking the patients to turn over a new leaf of the gene to achieve the purpose of medical treatment, the genes from different sources Fragment "grafted" to produce new varieties and new quality ... ... As a result, one full of attractive science fiction miraculously become a reality. This is a place in the early 1970s.
The realization of the scientific miracles of science and technology is a means of recombinant DNA technology. In 1972, American scientists Paul? Burg for the first time succeeded in restructuring the world's first batch of DNA molecule, marking the recombinant DNA technology - genetic engineering as the basis of modern bio-engineering, modern biotechnology and life science foundation and core .
Recombinant DNA technology is the specific content of artificial means to different sources with a particular gene's DNA fragment to restructure in order to achieve the biological changes in gene type and specific purpose of the gene product of a high science and technology.
By the 1970s the mid-and late, as a result of the realization of the project, as well as bacteria after DNA and re-engineered to deal with both the nature of genetic engineering or recombinant DNA as the genetic engineering technology is widely used synonym. Now, genetic engineering also includes the transformation of the genome, nucleic acid sequence analysis, molecular evolution, molecular immunology, gene cloning, gene diagnosis and gene therapy and so on. It can be said, DNA recombinant technology to create the past 30 years obtained fruitful results it has brought them to a mysterious dream-like world of science, mankind was to open the mysteries of life and to prevent and cure diseases, "Box" golden key .
At present, DNA recombinant technology has been achieved by many factors. To the end of the 20th century, DNA recombinant technology in the field of application of the largest Chinese medicine, including active peptides, proteins and vaccine production, disease pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, the new gene, as well as environmental monitoring of separation and purification.
Many active peptides and proteins have the treatment and prevention of diseases, they are all from the corresponding gene's arise. However, in cells with minimal output, the conventional method is difficult to get enough volume for clinical application.
Genetic engineering breakthroughs are the limitations of this type can be mass-produced peptides and proteins, so far has successfully produced the treatment of diabetes and insulin schizophrenia, cancer of the blood and solid tumors have a certain effect of antiviral agents -- Interferon, human growth hormone treatment of dwarfism, acromegaly treatment of acute pancreatitis and the release of growth hormone inhibitor, such as more than 100 kinds of products.
Genetic engineering may also be related antigen into the DNA of living microorganisms, such micro-organisms in the host immune stress in the body can produce the growth of live attenuated vaccines, with a large dose of antigen stimulation, and lasted for a long time, and other advantages. Is currently being developed genetically engineered vaccine will have as many as dozens, have to deal with bacteria for bacteria leprosy, Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, such as the meningococcal vaccine; in the fight against the virus have against hepatitis A, hepatitis B , Cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, influenza, human immunodeficiency virus vaccines, and so on ... .... China's hepatitis B virus carriers of hepatitis B patients and as many as Yier Yi, the situation is even more promoting China's own scientists have successfully developed the hepatitis B vaccine, has made great social and economic benefits.
Antibodies are the body's immune system disease resistance of one of the main weapons, the 1970 creation of the monoclonal antibody technology in the aspects of disease prevention has played an important role, but it is difficult to obtain human-derived monoclonal antibody, making single - Anti-clinical application is limited. To address the problem, in recent years, scientists using recombinant DNA technology has been derived human antibody, the antibody can guarantee it with the combination of antigen specificity and affinity, but also ensures that the normal function of the play. At present, such a variety of antibodies in clinical trials carried out, such as anti-HER-2 humanized monoclonal antibody treatment of breast cancer has entered Phase Ⅲ, anti-IGE humanized monoclonal antibody treatment of asthma has entered Phase Ⅱ.
Antibiotics in the treatment of the disease has played an important role, with the increase in the number of antibiotics, use traditional methods to discover new antibiotics are becoming less and less likely. In order to get more new antibiotics, the use of recombinant DNA technology has become an important means. At present, there have been dozens of genetic engineering "hybrid" of antibiotics for clinical application has opened up new avenues of treatment.
It is worth noting that the above genetically engineered peptides, proteins, vaccines, antibiotics, such as drug prevention and treatment, not only in effective control of the disease, but also to avoid the side effects are also often better than the traditional method of production of similar drugs, so more people favor .
Human diseases are directly or indirectly associated with the gene, the gene in the level of disease diagnosis and treatment can reach the accuracy of the diagnosis of the cause and nature of the original, diagnosis and treatment can work to achieve specific, sensitive and easy Fast. At the level of gene diagnosis and treatment in the gene known as a professional diagnosis and gene therapy. At present, genetic diagnosis as a fourth-generation clinical diagnostic techniques have been widely used for genetic diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, viruses and bacterial diseases such as parasitic disease diagnosis; and the goal of gene therapy is through DNA recombinant technology to create a Specific features of the recombinant gene to compensate for the loss of function in the role of the gene, or a function for the benefit of an increase of abnormal cells to correct or eliminate.
In theory, a permanent cure is gene therapy to cure without any side effects of therapy. However, despite the international community has been more than 100 gene therapy program is in clinical trials, gene therapy in theory and in a number of technical problems remain to make this treatment from a large-scale application there is a long distance. Whether genes determine the cause or the implementation of gene diagnosis, gene therapy, the study of the mechanism of disease, a key prerequisite to understand the specific disease-related genes. With the "Human Genome Project," is approaching completion, the scientists of all human genes will get a complete picture, which was made using recombinant technology to force in the cause of human health to create conditions.
However, although the human gene technology to display its wonderful "Magic"-like charm, but there are a large number of scientists on the development of this technology to human ethics and ecological evolution of the impact of natural law expressed great concern. In theory, this technology is the ultimate development of a human have to create any form of life or biological unprecedented. People can imagine what this will be the outcome?